Population
Isolated membrane patches of excitable membranes
Comparison
Exposure to batrachotoxin, grayanotoxins, or… vs Normal preparations (unexposed membranes)
Design
Preclinical
Authors
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No immediate clinical implications from animal data; leaves open further mechanistic studies on Na+ channel modulation.
Patch clamp techniques reveal that toxins like batrachotoxin drastically alter Na+ channel gating kinetics, providing a basis for understanding chemical modulation of excitable membranes.
Toshio Narahashi (1984) studied this question.
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