monitoring of a single patient.Others have used changes in thoracic electrical impedance to measure pump performance non-invasively, but this has not given consistent results.Our current methods of predicting perioperative cardiac risk are, then, characterised by uncertainty.Surgeons should take more responsibility for defining the risk in their own population of patients; if it is sufficiently high they should adopt a protocol for assessing individual patients.This will require selection for thallium scanning on the basis of clinical risk factors, with the possibility of coronary angiography for those found to have reversible defects on thallium imaging.Further studies are urgently needed to provide a reliable algorithm for non-invasive assessment of operative risk.
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Frederik A. de Wolff (1995) studied this question.
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