Key result
A diet supplemented with 20% virgin olive oil maintained systolic blood pressure at levels similar to a standard diet and significantly lower than a butter-enriched diet in male Wistar rats.
Why the study?
The study was conducted to analyze the role of two dietary fat sources on aminopeptidase activities involved in local kidney renin-angiotensin system regulation.
Does a diet supplemented with virgin olive oil prevent hypertension and alter renal aminopeptidase activities compared to a high saturated fat diet in male Wistar rats?
Does a diet supplemented with virgin olive oil prevent hypertension and alter renal aminopeptidase activities compared to a high saturated fat diet in male Wistar rats?
Virgin olive oil supplementation prevents the blood pressure increase seen with high saturated fat diets in rats, potentially mediated by changes in local renal aminopeptidase activities.
May support MUFA modulation of renal RAS in animal hypertension models; leaves open human dietary translation.
High saturated fat diets have been associated with the development of obesity and hypertension, along with other pathologies related to the metabolic syndrome. In contrast, the Mediterranean diet, characterized by its high content of monounsaturated fatty acids, has been proposed as a dietary factor capable of positively regulating cardiovascular function. These effects have been linked to changes in the local renal renin angiotensin system (RAS) and the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. The main goal of this study was to analyze the role of two dietary fat sources on aminopeptidases activities involved in local kidney RAS. Male Wistar rats (six months old) were fed during 24 weeks with three different diets: the standard diet (S), the standard diet supplemented with virgin olive oil (20%) (VOO), or the standard diet enriched with butter (20%) plus cholesterol (0.1%) (Bch). Kidney samples were separated in medulla and cortex for aminopeptidase activities (AP) assay. Urine samples were collected for routine analysis by chemical tests. Aminopeptidase activities were determined by fluorometric methods in soluble (sol) and membrane-bound (mb) fractions of renal tissue, using arylamide derivatives as substrates. After the experimental period, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) values were similar in standard and VOO animals, and significantly lower than in the Bch group. At the same time, a significant increase in GluAP and IRAP activities were found in renal medulla of Bch animals. However, in VOO group the increase of GluAP activity in renal medulla was lower, while AspAP activity decreased in the renal cortex. Furthermore, the VOO diet also affected other aminopeptidase activities, such as TyrAP and pGluAP, related to the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system and the metabolic rate. These results support the beneficial effect of VOO in the regulation of SBP through changes in local AP activities of the kidney.
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Domínguez-Vías et al. (2021) studied Hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Virgin olive oil vs. Standard diet and standard diet enriched with butter (20%) plus cholesterol (0.1%) was evaluated on Systolic blood pressure and renal aminopeptidase activities. A diet supplemented with 20% virgin olive oil maintained systolic blood pressure at levels similar to a standard diet and significantly lower than a butter-enriched diet in male Wistar rats.
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