Zinc oxide nanoparticles regulate NF-kB expression and restrict inflammation response in Doxorubicin- induced kidney injury in rats

This study evaluated the biochemical, molecular, and histopathological mechanisms involved in renal injury and the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) in experimental nephrotoxicity rats. ZnONPs were prepared by the sol–gel method and characterised by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). To explore the possible nephrotoxicity and antioxidant effect of ZnONPs, rats were grouped as follows: control group, ZnONPs-treated group, Doxorubicin group, and ZnONPs-Doxorubicin-treated group. Upon treatment with ZnONPs, a significant alteration was observed in the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde, catalase, and the levels of kidney function, albumin, albuminuria, immune nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) compared to the Doxorubicin group and control group. ZnONPs' administration to the doxorubicin group showed eminent renal injury control and restoration of the biochemical profile. This increases their active role in controlling kidney function in order to improve nephrotoxicity and inflammatory responses. Histopathological and immunohistochemical observations provided context for these findings. In conclusion, ZnO-NPs treatment revealed a renoprotective effect against the doxorubicin drug, probably via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. This shows the therapeutic application of ZnONPs as a safe anti-inflammatory and shows their potential for the control of renal injury.