Why the study?
Checkpoint inhibitor-induced overlap syndrome consisting of myocarditis and myositis with or without myasthenia gravis is rare but life-threatening.
Management of respiratory failure in immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced overlap syndrome is challenging and requires intensive clinical monitoring and bedside respiratory mechanics to guide respiratory support.
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Variable presentations in checkpoint inhibitor overlap syndrome warrant heightened vigilance; leaves open optimal management strategies.
BACKGROUND: Checkpoint inhibitor-induced overlap syndrome ([OS] myocarditis, and myositis with or without myasthenia gravis) is rare but life-threatening. CASES PRESENTATION: Here we present a case series of four cancer patients that developed OS. High troponinemia raised the concern for myocarditis in all the cases. However, the predominant clinical feature differed among the cases. Two patients showed marked myocarditis with a shorter hospital stay. The other two patients had a prolonged ICU stay due to severe neuromuscular involvement secondary to myositis and myasthenia gravis. Treatment was based on steroids, plasmapheresis, intravenous immunoglobulin, and immunosuppressive biological agents. CONCLUSION: The management of respiratory failure is challenging, particularly in those patients with predominant MG. Along with intensive clinical monitoring, bedside respiratory mechanics can guide the decision-making process of selecting a respiratory support method, the timing of elective intubation and extubation.
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Cuenca et al. (2023) studied this question.
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