Optimal Operational Scheduling of Reconfigurable Multi-Microgrids Considering Energy Storage Systems

This paper proposes an optimal operational scheduling of a reconfigurable multi-microgrid (MG) distribution system complemented by demand response programs and Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) in an uncertain environment. Since there is a set of competing players with inherently conflicting objectives in the system under study such as the Distribution System Operator (DSO) and MG owners, a one-leader multi-follower-type bi-level optimization model is proposed. In this framework, the upper-level player as a leader minimizes the total cost from DSO’s point of view, while the lower-level players as multi-followers maximize the profit of MG owners. Since the resulting model is a non-linear bi-level optimization problem, it is transformed into a single-level mixed-integer second-order cone programming problem through Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions. The satisfactory performance of the proposed model is investigated on a real-test system under different scenarios and working conditions.