What does this research mean for the field?

The Student's Mathematics Anxiety Questionnaire (SMAQ) is a valid and reliable 20-item instrument for assessing mathematics anxiety and related behavioral aspects among primary school students. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.METHODOLOGICAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To develop and psychometrically validate the 20-item Student's Mathematics Anxiety Questionnaire (SMAQ) for assessing math anxiety and associated learning behaviors in primary school students.

August 29, 2026Discover EducationOpen Access

Development and validation of the mathematics anxiety questionnaire for primary school students

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Authors

SASlamet ArifinState University of Malang TWTommy Tanu WijayaBeijing Normal University SMSiti Salina MUSTAKIM

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Implication

Psychometric study demonstrates robust construct validity and reliability of the SMAQ in primary school students, highlighting a viable instrument for measuring academic anxiety.

Key Points

To develop and psychometrically validate the 20-item Student's Mathematics Anxiety Questionnaire (SMAQ) for assessing math anxiety and associated learning behaviors in primary school students.
Administered the 20-item online SMAQ to primary school students (N = 302) to evaluate math anxiety across four behavioral dimensions: choice of action, effort, persistence, and interest.
Established content validity through two expert evaluations and evaluated construct validity and internal consistency using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Cronbach's alpha.
Confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable structural model fit: χ²(160) = 347, p < .001, CFI = 0.896, TLI = 0.877, and RMSEA = 0.062 (90% CI [0.053, 0.071]).
The instrument demonstrated strong internal consistency across items, yielding an overall Cronbach's alpha of α = 0.90.

Cite This Study

Arifin et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a92991a8e5d7d1fc0c10ec2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-026-02093-6

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Implication

Psychometric study demonstrates robust construct validity and reliability of the SMAQ in primary school students, highlighting a viable instrument for measuring academic anxiety.

Development and validation of the mathematics anxiety questionnaire for primary school students

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

Development and validation of the mathematics anxiety questionnaire for primary school students

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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