The performance of a surface normal modulator operating at visible wavelengths is described. Modulation at these wavelengths is achieved by incorporating aluminium in the well material and increasing the aluminium content in the barrier. Maximum contrast is achieved at 660 nm with a low insertion loss (1.5 dB) and a differential reflectivity of 13% for 13 V.
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Egan et al. (1995) studied this question.
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