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We report on Coulomb blockade caused by the high impedance external electromagnetic environment (EME) related to a localization effect in a single tunnel-junction/carbon-nanotube system. Observed Coulomb blockade, supported by a linear temperature dependence of zero-bias conductance, mathematically follows phase correlation theory, which explains the roles of EME and implies that tunneling of electrons is suppressed by transferring the energy to its EME with a total impedance Zₜ(ω) higher than quantum resistance. Our high Zₜ(ω), however, is strongly associated with the antilocalization effect without any energy dissipation but actually contributes to Coulomb blockade, because its phase modulation by magnetic field modulates also Coulomb blockade. Is the energy transfer to such high impedance EME actually indispensable for Coulomb blockade?
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Haruyama et al. (2001) studied this question.
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