Key result
Intranasal irbesartan mitigated memory loss and depressive-like behavior in LPS-treated mice by increasing spine density and activating the PI3K/AKT pathway.
Why the study?
ARBs and ACEIs protect hypertensive patients against AD, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain unknown.
Does intranasal irbesartan prevent cognitive decline and neuroinflammation in an LPS-induced mice model?
Does intranasal irbesartan prevent cognitive decline and neuroinflammation in an LPS-induced mice model?
Intranasal irbesartan demonstrates neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse model of LPS-induced cognitive decline, suggesting potential utility in neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease.
May support irbesartan in preclinical neuroinflammation models; leaves open translation to human cognitive disorders.
BACKGROUND: New strategies are urgently needed to manage and delay the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuroinflammation is a significant contributor to cognitive decline in neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) protect hypertensive patients against AD, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain unknown. In light of this, the protective effects of three ARBs and three ACEIs against neuroinflammation and cognitive decline were investigated through comprehensive pharmacologicalin vitro/in vivoscreening. METHODS: BV-2 microglia cells were exposed tolipopolysaccharide (LPS) and treated with ARBs and ACEIs to provide initial insights into the anti-inflammatory properties of the drugs. Subsequently, irbesartan was selected, and its efficacy was evaluated inC57/BL6 male miceintranasally administered with irbesartan and injected with LPS. Long-term memory and depressive-like behavior were evaluated; dendritic spines were measured as well as neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and cognitive decline biomarkers. RESULTS: Irbesartan mitigated memory loss and depressive-like behavior in mice treated with LPS, probably because itincreased spine density, ameliorated synapsis dysfunction and activated the PI3K/AKT pathway. Irbesartan elevated the levels of hippocampalsuperoxide dismutase2 andglutathione peroxidaseandsuppressed LPS-induced astrogliosis. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, this study provides compelling evidence that multiple intranasal administrations of irbesartan can effectively prevent LPS-induced cognitive decline by activating pathways involved in neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory events. These findings underscore the potential of irbesartan as a preventive strategy against the development of AD and other neurodegenerative conditions associated with neuroinflammation.
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Gouveia et al. (2024) studied LPS-induced neuroinflammation. Intranasal irbesartan vs. LPS alone was evaluated on Long-term memory, depressive-like behavior, and neuroinflammation biomarkers. Intranasal irbesartan mitigated memory loss and depressive-like behavior in LPS-treated mice by increasing spine density and activating the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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