Key result
Hypertensive patients show poor self-care and self-efficacy, linked to age, gender, and disease duration.
Why the study?
The study aimed to evaluate self-care activities and self-efficacy, and to identify their correlates and predictors among Jordanian patients with hypertension.
Cross-Sectional (n=231)
No
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Jordanian patients with hypertension exhibit low levels of self-care activities and self-efficacy, highlighting the need for targeted educational and lifestyle interventions.
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate self-care activities (SCAs) and self-efficacy, and to determine their correlates and predictors among Jordanian patients with hypertension. Patients and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional correlational design study was used among 231 patients. Data was collected using structured interviews guided with a questionnaire that included demographic and clinical data, the Arabic version of the Hypertension Self-care Activity Level Effects (H-SCALE), and the Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale. Results: The mean age was 49.2 years (SD = 13.4); 55.4% were males and 72.7% were married. Among them, comorbidities were prevalent (68%), with 42% of participants reporting diabetes. More than half were smokers (56.3%). The mean BMI was 28.3 (SD = 4.5), indicating overweight status. The mean H-SCALE score was 40.7 (SD = 9.1, range 17.82– 62.8), indicating low adherence to recommended self-care activities to manage hypertension. Female patients and those with chronic hypertension had significantly higher H-SCALE scores (p < 0.001). Significant predictors of H-SCALE included gender (B = 2.91, p =0.027), marital status (B = − 4.52, p =0.01), time since diagnosis (B = 4.2, p =0.001), and self-efficacy (B =0.18, p =0.001), explaining 28% of the variance (R2 =0.277, F(10, 220) = 4.81, p < 0.001). The mean self-efficacy score was 16.6 (SD = 12.2, range 0– 45), indicating low self-efficacy. Female patients and those with chronic hypertension also had higher self-efficacy (p < 0.001). Predictors included age (B = − 0.288, p < 0.001), time since diagnosis (B = 7.84, p < 0.001), and H-SCALE score (B =0.290, p =0.001), accounting for 35% of the variance (R2 =0.354, F(10, 220) = 7.55, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Low levels of self-care activities and self-efficacy increase the risk of hypertension-related complications. Targeted interventions, such as patient education, lifestyle modification, routine follow-up, self-monitoring, and integrating digital health tools, are needed to improve patient outcomes.
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Ayasrah et al. (2025) conducted a cross-sectional in Hypertension (n=231). Sociodemographic and clinical factors (e.g., gender, age, time since diagnosis) was evaluated on Hypertension Self-care Activity Level Effects (H-SCALE) and Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale scores. Jordanian patients with hypertension demonstrated low levels of recommended self-care activities and self-efficacy, which were predicted by gender, age, and time since diagnosis.
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