Key result
Untreated stage 1 hypertension (2017 ACC/AHA guideline) was associated with a higher risk of MI, stroke, and all-cause mortality compared to normal blood pressure (HR 1.20; 95% CI 1.13-1.25).
Why the study?
How stage 1 hypertension defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline is associated with cardiovascular events in Chinese adults remains unclear.
Does stage 1 hypertension defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline increase the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in Chinese adults compared to normal blood pressure?
Cohort (n=103,651)
Does stage 1 hypertension defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline increase the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in Chinese adults compared to normal blood pressure?
Hazard Ratio: 1.2 (95% CI 1.13–1.25)
Untreated stage 1 hypertension (130-139/80-89 mmHg) is associated with a 20% increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in Chinese adults, validating the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline threshold.
Stage 1 hypertension was associated with higher CV risk in untreated Chinese adults; leaves open optimal thresholds and treatment decisions pending randomized evidence.
BACKGROUND: The 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) blood pressure (BP) guideline lowered the threshold defining hypertension to 130/80 mmHg. However, how stage 1 hypertension defined using this guideline is associated with cardiovascular events in Chinese adults remains unclear. This study assessed the association between stage 1 hypertension defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline and clinical outcomes in the Chinese population. METHODS: Participants with stage 1 hypertension ( n = 69,509) or normal BP ( n = 34,142) were followed in this study from 2006/2007 to 2020. Stage 1 hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure of 130-139 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure of 80-89 mmHg. None were taking antihypertensive medication or had a history of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, or cancer at baseline. The primary outcome was a composite of MI, stroke, and all-cause mortality. The secondary outcomes were individual components of the primary outcome. Cox proportional hazards models were used for the analysis. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 11.09 years, we observed 10,479 events (MI, n = 995; stroke, n = 3408; all-cause mortality, n = 7094). After multivariable adjustment, the hazard ratios for stage 1 hypertension vs. normal BP were 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-1.25) for primary outcome, 1.24 (95% CI, 1.05-1.46) for MI, 1.45 (95% CI, 1.33-1.59) for stroke, and 1.11 (95% CI, 1.04-1.17) for all-cause mortality. The hazard ratios for participants with stage 1 hypertension who were prescribed antihypertensive medications compared with those without antihypertensive treatment during the follow-up was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.85-0.96). CONCLUSIONS: Using the new definition, Chinese adults with untreated stage 1 hypertension are at higher risk for MI, stroke, and all-cause mortality. This finding may help to validate the new BP classification system in China.
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Gao et al. (2023) conducted a cohort in Stage 1 hypertension (n=103,651). Stage 1 hypertension vs. Normal blood pressure was evaluated on Composite of MI, stroke, and all-cause mortality (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.13-1.25). Untreated stage 1 hypertension (2017 ACC/AHA guideline) was associated with a higher risk of MI, stroke, and all-cause mortality compared to normal blood pressure (HR 1.20; 95% CI 1.13-1.25).
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