Molecular weight determination by cationisation

In General cationised molecules are more stable than redical molecular ions or protonated molecules. The fragmentation of the polar molecules resulting from a cationsation by for instance alkali ions, has a higher activation energy than splitting off fuctional groups after a protonation. Cationisation is therefore an intersting tool for the determination of molecular weights. Three different methods for achiving a cationisation are described and discussed: (1) field‐indiced cationisation at low anode temperatures using a heterogenous reaction of the molecules in the gas phase with molecules of a salt in the adsorption layer on the field anode; (2) a largely thermally induced catisation at high emitter temperatures and low electric fields; (3) a cationisation, causing less thermal excitation to the molecules, using the field desorption technique.