Key result
Non-elite shooters exhibited a greater magnitude of pre-trigger heart rate decrease compared to elite shooters, reflecting skill-related psychomotor regulation.
Population
12 male rifle shooters (6 elite and 6 non-elite)
Design
Cross-sectional
Authors
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May inform skill assessment via HR patterns in precision sports; leaves open causal mechanisms and training effects in prospective studies.
Observational (n=12)
Preparatory heart rate deceleration in rifle shooting reflects psychomotor regulation and skill level rather than just attentional focusing.
Konttinen et al. (1998) conducted an observational in Competitive rifle shooting (n=12). Non-elite skill level vs. Elite skill level was evaluated on Shooting score, rifle stability, and electromyographic (EMG) activity in the upper body. Non-elite shooters exhibited a greater magnitude of pre-trigger heart rate decrease compared to elite shooters, reflecting skill-related psychomotor regulation.
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