Key result
Prosthetic valve endocarditis has a high incidence in the first year after valve replacement and requires similar antimicrobial treatment to native valve endocarditis despite larger vegetations.
Prosthetic valve endocarditis carries high mortality and morbidity, with distinct microbiological profiles for healthcare-associated versus community-acquired infections, and requires consideration of larger vegetations during antimicrobial therapy.
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Highlights elevated early risk after valve replacement; supports similar regimens for prosthetic and native valve endocarditis but requires prospective confirmation.
Mortality and morbidity in prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is high despite improvements in diagnosis, therapeutic and design.Incidence of PVE is high in the initial 6 to 12 months after valve replacement and at low rate thereafter.Health care-associated infections are on the increase due to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus,(MRSA),and coagulase negative staphylococci (C0NS).Community acquired PVE is caused by enterococci, Streptococcus viridans group, and fastidious organisms, including the HACEK group.Microorganisms with surface components that react with adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs),mediate colonization and infection.Frequent risk factor for infection includes intravascular devices and hemodialysis.Antimicrobial therapy of PVE do not differ from native valve endocarditis (NVE), except larger vegetations than in NVE, must be considered.
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M.Phanindranath et al. (2014) conducted a review in Prosthetic valve endocarditis. Prosthetic valve endocarditis has a high incidence in the first year after valve replacement and requires similar antimicrobial treatment to native valve endocarditis despite larger vegetations.
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