Physicochemical and Histomorphometric Comparison of Deproteinized Bovine Bone Graft Materials

Purpose: This study compared the physicochemical properties, in vitro biocompatibility, and in vivo bone regeneration of two bovine-derived xenogeneic bone substitutes: Bio-Oss and Mega-Oss Bovine Original.Materials and Methods: Physicochemical characterization included SEM, XRD, TEM, FT-IR, thermogravimetric analysis, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and BET analysis.Residual organic components were quantified, and cytotoxicity was assessed using an ISO 10993-5-compliant L-929 MTT assay.In vivo evaluation used a rabbit calvarial defect model (n = 6).Four 6-mm defects per animal were filled with either material and evaluated at 4 and 8 weeks using micro-CT (BV/TV, BMD) and histomorphometric analysis.Results: Both materials exhibited similar physicochemical characteristics, including porous microstructures, low-crystalline hydroxyapatite, and comparable Ca/P ratios and crystallite sizes.Mega-Oss Bovine Original exhibited higher porosity and a greater specific surface area than Bio-Oss.Residual lipid and protein contents were minimal in both materials, and no cytotoxic effects were observed.In the rabbit calvarial defect model, both groups demonstrated favorable tissue compatibility with minimal inflammatory responses.Micro-CT and histomorphometric analyses revealed comparable bone regeneration outcomes between the two groups at both 4 and 8 weeks, with no statistically significant differences in bone volume fraction, bone mineral density, newly formed bone area, or residual graft area (p > .05).