Single-case study reveals that sequencing traditional and sandtray supervision reduces anxiety and enhances self-efficacy in counselor trainees, highlighting the benefit of combined training models.
Creative supervision techniques like sandtray supervision have been proposed as effective ways to address CITs’ difficulties of anxiety and self-efficacy. This study used a single-case research design to explore the impact of sequencing traditional and sandtray supervision on CITs’ anxiety, self-efficacy, and skill usage compared to traditional supervision. Findings indicate that the intentional sequential use of traditional and sandtray supervision reduces CIT anxiety and enhances self-efficacy and skill usage, with no single method proving superior.
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Schoonover et al. (2026) studied this question.
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