Narrative review outlines integrated flexible biosensors and AI for early hepatocellular carcinoma detection, indicating potential for improved multiplexed point-of-care liquid biopsy.
Key Points
To review the limitations of conventional alpha-fetoprotein screening and examine advanced engineered biosensing platforms for earlier hepatocellular carcinoma detection.
Assessed conventional serum alpha-fetoprotein diagnostic performance and its diagnostic shortcomings in early-stage disease.
Synthesized developments in flexible biosensors, specifically hydrogel photonic barcodes integrated with exosome analysis, CRISPR amplification, and artificial intelligence.