What question did this study set out to answer?

To evaluate how external incentives and social norms influence citizens' willingness to engage in digital co-production.

August 30, 2026Australian Journal of Public Administration

External incentives, social norms, and citizens’ participation in digital co‐production: A survey experiment

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

Material incentives and positive descriptive social norms are more effective than honour-based incentives and negative norms in driving citizens' participation in digital co-production, and their combination produces a synergistic effect. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

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Authors

CJChen JingShandong University

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Implication

Survey experiment reveals material incentives and positive descriptive norms boost digital co-production willingness in citizens, highlighting effective strategies for civic engagement.

Key Points

To evaluate how external incentives and social norms influence citizens' willingness to engage in digital co-production.
Conducted a survey experiment among Chinese citizens grounded in incentive theory and social norm theory.
Assessed participation willingness across conditions manipulating external incentives (material versus honor-based) and social norms (positive versus negative descriptive norms).
Material incentives increased participation willingness more effectively than honor-based incentives.
Positive descriptive norms exerted a stronger positive influence on engagement than negative norms, and their presence amplified the effectiveness of material incentives.

Cite This Study

Chen Jing (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a93f1396c1a8fb52e79dfe5 https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.70065

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Implication

Survey experiment reveals material incentives and positive descriptive norms boost digital co-production willingness in citizens, highlighting effective strategies for civic engagement.

External incentives, social norms, and citizens’ participation in digital co‐production: A survey experiment

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

External incentives, social norms, and citizens’ participation in digital co‐production: A survey experiment

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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