Multi-electron satellites in core electron photoemission from 3d0ions in solids

'Shake-up' satellite peaks have been observed for 2s and 2p lines in the X-ray photoemission spectra of solid compounds of the d 0 ions Sc 3+ and Ti 4+ . For this configuration (and presumably for the other 3d ions) these satellites cannot arise from simultaneous transitions of electrons from 3d orbitals; the data suggest that they originate from the excitation of electrons in ligand orbitals to the metal 3d states.