Key result
Medium and high estimated cardiorespiratory fitness were longitudinally associated with lower odds of depression compared to low fitness (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.64-0.96 and OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.66-0.99).
Why the study?
Cardiorespiratory fitness may help prevent depression and anxiety, but there was a paucity of literature examining the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and incident depression and anxiety.
Does higher estimated cardiorespiratory fitness reduce the odds of depression and anxiety in the general population?
Observational (n=26,615)
Does higher estimated cardiorespiratory fitness reduce the odds of depression and anxiety in the general population?
Odds Ratio: 0.78 (95% CI 0.64–0.96)
Medium and high levels of estimated cardiorespiratory fitness in late middle age are associated with lower odds of developing depression, but not anxiety.
Supports fitness-depression link in observational data; leaves open causality and practice change pending prospective trials.
BACKGROUND: Cardiorespiratory fitness may help to prevent depression and anxiety. A paucity of literature has considered the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and the incidence of depression and anxiety. The objective of this study was to investigate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with depression and anxiety. METHODS: This study included middle-aged and older participants from the second (HUNT 2, 1995-1997) and third (HUNT3, 2006-2008) survery of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). Baseline non-exercise estimated CRF (eCRF) was determined using standardized algorithms. Depression and anxiety were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between eCRF and depression and anxiety. RESULTS: In cross-sectional adjusted analysis including those who participated in HUNT2 (n = 26,615 mean age 55.7 years), those with medium and high level of eCRF had 21% (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.71-0.89) and 26% (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.66-0.83) lower odds of depression compared to those with low eCRF level, respectively. Longitudinal analysis including those who participated in both HUNT2 and HUNT3 (n = 14,020 mean age 52.2 years) found that medium and level of eCRF was associated with 22% (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64-0.96) and 19% (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.66-0.99) lower odds of depression compared to those with low eCRF level, respectively. CRF was not associated with anxiety, either cross-sectionally or longitudinally. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that a medium and high level of eCRF during late middle age is cross-sectionally and prospectively associated with lower odds of depression. However, our data do not support that eCRF is associated with anxiety. Further studies are warranted to conclude a causal relationship between eCRF and depression.
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Shigdel et al. (2019) conducted an observational in depression and anxiety (n=26,615). Medium and high estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF) vs. Low eCRF was evaluated on depression (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.64-0.96). Medium and high estimated cardiorespiratory fitness were longitudinally associated with lower odds of depression compared to low fitness (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.64-0.96 and OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.66-0.99).
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