Key result
The ACE DD genotype significantly increased the risk of diabetic retinopathy (OR 2.87) and nephropathy (OR 2.36), while the AGT TC genotype also increased the risk of retinopathy (OR 2.93) and nephropathy (OR 2.55).
Why the study?
Very few combined studies had evaluated RAAS gene polymorphisms in T2DM patients with both diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy.
Are RAAS gene polymorphisms associated with an increased risk of retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Cross-Sectional (n=375)
No
Are RAAS gene polymorphisms associated with an increased risk of retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Odds Ratio: 2.87 (95% CI 1.48–5.56)
p-value: p=0.002
ACE ins/del and AGT Met235Thr SNPs are significantly associated with an increased risk of developing nephropathy and retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
A BSTRACT Introduction: Diversified pathways are associated with the advancement of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) towards retinopathy and nephropathy. Experimental data have suggested the role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) gene polymorphism in diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients. Since very few combined studies were done for RAAS genes in T2DM patients with DN and diabetic retinopathy (DR), we tried to explore the association of certain RAAS gene polymorphisms in them. Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), Met235Thr of angiotensinogen (AGT) gene, and insertion/deletion (ins/del) of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene from RAAS pathway were studied using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method in this cross-sectional study. T2DM patients diagnosed with nephropathy and retinopathy were selected ( n = 125 each) consecutively and compared with T2DM patients without DN and/or DR. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Results: Considerably higher blood pressure, serum urea, and creatinine levels were found among DN patients. The DD genotype of ACE SNP was significantly higher in the DR and DN groups (OR: 2.87,95%CI: 1.48-5.56, P = 0.002 and OR: 2.36,95%CI: 1.23-4.53, P = 0.010) compared to the DM Group. In AGT Met235Thr SNP, the CC and TC genotypes were significantly increased in DN while only the TC genotype was significantly increased in the DR group. Conclusion: ACE ins/del and AGT Met235Thr SNPs were significantly related to the risk of development of nephropathy and retinopathy in T2DM patients.
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Pawar et al. (2024) conducted a cross-sectional in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Retinopathy and Nephropathy (n=375). ACE ins/del and AGT Met235Thr gene polymorphisms vs. Type 2 diabetic patients without diabetic nephropathy or retinopathy was evaluated on Association of ACE DD genotype with diabetic retinopathy (DD vs II genotype) (OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.48-5.56, p=0.002). The ACE DD genotype significantly increased the risk of diabetic retinopathy (OR 2.87) and nephropathy (OR 2.36), while the AGT TC genotype also increased the risk of retinopathy (OR 2.93) and nephropathy (OR 2.55).
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