Comparative Evaluation of Periodontal Parameters and Microbiological Profile in Smokers and Non-Smokers

OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate the differences in periodontal parameters and the microbiological profile between smokers and non-smokers to analyze the impact of smoking on periodontal health. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 100 participants divided into two groups: smokers (n=50) and non-smokers (n=50). Clinical periodontal parameters, including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque index (PI) were recorded. Subgingival plaque samples were collected and analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for key periodontal pathogens. RESULTSSmokers exhibited significantly higher PD and CAL, with lower BOP compared to non-smokers. The microbiological analysis revealed a higher prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia in smokers, while non-smokers had a more diverse microbiota with higher levels of Streptococcus spp (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings underscore the importance of smoking cessation in periodontal therapy and the need for tailored treatment strategies for smokers.