Electroluminescent thin films of the composition ZnS:Cu,Mn,Cl, which are capable of dc excitation, are examined for their optical, chemical, and electrical properties. The emission is dominated by electronic and ionic processes occurring at the anode. A model is proposed for the excitation mechanism which is based on hole injection across a heterojunction composed of ZnS and a copper-rich phase. The mechanism explains emission at lower-than-band-gap voltages. The spectrum of the yellow emission of Mn in these films is composed of two closely spaced emission bands and is, therefore, different from the known yellow emission from Mn in ZnS phosphors.
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Goldberg et al. (1963) studied this question.
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