Effects of Phytochemicals on Blood Pressure and Neuroprotection Mediated Via Brain Renin-Angiotensin System

Figures

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  Figure 1. Effects of phytochemicals on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) concentration (a) and ACE activity (b) in brain. Control: 0.9% saline oral administration; Perindopril: oral administration of 1 mg perindopril/kg body weight; Curcumin, Quercetin, Saponin: oral administration of 50 mg of each phytochemical/kg body weight; Different letters indicate significant differences at α = 0.05 as determined by Duncan’s multiple range test.

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  Figure 2. Effects of phytochemicals on the concentrations of angiotensin II (a) and aldosterone (b) in brain. Control: 0.9% saline oral administration; Perindopril: oral administration of 1 mg perindopril/kg body weight; Curcumin, Quercetin, Saponin: oral administration of 50 mg of each phytochemical/kg body weight; Different letters indicate significant differences at α = 0.05 as determined by Duncan’s multiple range test.

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  Figure 3. Effects of phytochemicals on the mRNA expression of renin (a) and angiotensin converting enzyme (b) in brain. Control: 0.9% saline oral administration; Perindopril: oral administration of 1 mg perindopril/kg body weight; Curcumin, Quercetin, and Saponin: oral administration of 50 mg each phytochemical/kg body weight; Different letters indicate significant differences at α = 0.05 as determined by Duncan’s multiple range test.

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  Figure 4. Effects of phytochemicals on the concentrations of acetyl choline (a) and acetylcholine esterase (b) and acetylcholine esterase activity (c) in the brain. Control: 0.9% saline oral administration; Perindopril: oral administration of 1 mg perindopril/kg body weight; Curcumin, Quercetin, and Saponin: oral administration of 50 mg each phytochemical/kg body weight; Different letters indicate significant differences at α = 0.05 as determined by Duncan’s multiple range test.