Key result
TiO₂ nanoparticle-modified electrodes successfully quantify erlotinib in human serum with a ~9.2 µM detection limit.
Why the study?
Erlotinib requires precise therapeutic drug monitoring due to a narrow therapeutic window and pharmacokinetic variability, but existing chromatographic methods are resource-intensive and incompatible with point-of-care settings.
The developed TiO₂NP@SPE offers a highly sensitive, cost-effective, and clinically translatable platform for point-of-care therapeutic drug monitoring of erlotinib.
May enable point-of-care erlotinib TDM; leaves open prospective validation before clinical use.
Background and purpose: Erlotinib (ERL), a first-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor drug that is used in non-small cell lung cancer treatment, requires precise therapeutic drug monitoring owing to its narrow therapeutic window and significant inter-patient pharmacokinetic variability; existing chromatographic methods, while robust, are resource-intensive and incompatible with point-of-care settings, necessitating the development of simpler, cost-effective electroanalytical alternatives. Experimental approach: NP@SPE) was fabricated via a facile single-step modification and comprehensively characterized by scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive X-ray Analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; electrochemical performance was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry, and analytical validation was performed in human serum using the standard addition method. Key results: NP@SPE demonstrated markedly enhanced electron transfer kinetics over the bare SPE, yielding a well-defined linear response with a competitive limit of detection, high sensitivity, and intra- and inter-day serum recoveries within acceptable precision limits, alongside excellent selectivity against physiologically relevant interferents and structurally related anticancer agents. Conclusion: NP@SPE as a promising, clinically translatable platform for point-of-care therapeutic drug monitoring in oncology; future efforts should address the elevated detection limit relative to the bare electrode and extend validation to real patient plasma samples to fully confirm clinical applicability.
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Manjulabhai et al. (2026) studied Non-small cell lung cancer (therapeutic drug monitoring of erlotinib). Titanium dioxide nanoparticle-modified screen-printed electrode vs. Bare screen-printed electrode was evaluated on Limit of detection and sensitivity for erlotinib. The titanium dioxide nanoparticle-modified screen-printed electrode successfully quantified erlotinib in human serum with a linear range of 15 to 65 µM and a limit of detection of 9.15 µM.
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