Key result
Inactivated polio vaccine induced >90% seropositivity and higher titers for Sabin types 2 and 3, but type 1 titers were lower and all types decayed faster than oral vaccine.
Why the study?
Routine immunization for polio in Japan transitioned to inactivated polio vaccines, but the immunity induced by the Sabin strain-derived inactivated vaccine was not well characterized.
Does IPV induce and maintain neutralizing antibodies against poliovirus compared to OPV in children?
Observational (n=224)
Yes
Does IPV induce and maintain neutralizing antibodies against poliovirus compared to OPV in children?
IPV induces sufficient neutralizing antibodies against poliovirus, but the immunity decays faster than with OPV, suggesting a potential need for booster vaccination.
IPV may require earlier boosters due to faster decay; leaves open optimal pediatric schedules versus OPV.
In Japan, routine immunization for polio using the oral polio vaccine (OPV) was suspended in September 2012; subsequently, an immunization program with inactivated polio vaccines (IPVs), the conventional IPV (cIPV) derived from virulent strains, and IPV derived from Sabin strains (sIPV), was introduced. However, the immunity induced by sIPV is not well characterized. This study assessed and compared neutralizing antibodies produced against poliovirus in cases who received doses of OPV or IPV. Serum samples (n = 1186) were collected yearly between 2013 and 2016 as part of the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Disease. The neutralizing antibody titers for Sabin strain types 1, 2, and 3 in 224 children, aged between 0 and 90 months, were assessed. Seropositive rates after vaccination with OPV or IPV were more than 90%. Neutralizing antibody titers for Sabin type 1 after vaccination with IPV were lower than those with OPV, while those for Sabin types 2 and 3 after vaccination with IPV were significantly higher than those with OPV. Analyses of antibody titer dynamics revealed that the decay of antibody titers for Sabin types 1, 2, and 3 in cases vaccinated with IPV was steeper than those with OPV. Thus, our study showed that although IPV induced a sufficient level of neutralizing antibody, the immunity induced by IPV was not maintained as long as that by OPV. Our study suggested that a long-term survey should be conducted for polio vaccination using IPV and that it might be necessary to consider booster vaccination for IPVs.
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Hotta et al. (2019) conducted an observational in Poliovirus immunity (n=224). Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) vs. Oral polio vaccine (OPV) was evaluated on Neutralizing antibody titers for Sabin strain types 1, 2, and 3. Inactivated polio vaccine induced >90% seropositivity and higher titers for Sabin types 2 and 3, but type 1 titers were lower and all types decayed faster than oral vaccine.