Impact of heart failure severity and major bleeding events after percutaneous coronary intervention on subsequent major adverse cardiac events

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Study flowchart. Patients were divided into four groups according to the presence of heart failure (HF) with high BNP levels (HFhBNP) (>100 pg/ml) and major bleeding events within 30 days after PCI. HF, heart failure; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.

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  Fig. 2. Major adverse cardiac event (MACE) rates of the four groups between 30 days and three years. Kaplan-Meier survival curves show the rate of MACE in PCI patients stratified by HF with high BNP levels (>100 pg/ml) and 30-day bleeding. P-values were calculated using the log-rank test. MACE, major adverse cardiac events; HF, heart failure; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.

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  Fig. 3. Cox proportional hazard regression for MACE and all-cause death between 30 days and three years. *Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure at admission, acute coronary syndrome or chronic coronary syndrome, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis, previous PCI, previous coronary artery bypass grafting, prior MI, prior stroke, prior AF, prior PAD, LMT, MVD, anticoagulants, DAPT, and PPI. †Complete case analysis (n = 5330, 74.4%). ** A multiple imputation analysis was performed with 20 imputed datasets generated by the fully conditional specification method. The results across the 20 imputed datasets were combined using Rubin's rules. HR, hazard ratio, CI; confidence interval; HF, heart failure; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; AF, atrial fibrillation; MVD, mitral valve disease; PAD, peripheral artery disease LMT, left main coronary trunk; DAPT, dual antiplatelet therapy; PPI, proton pump inhibitor.

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  Fig. 4. All-cause death rates of the four groups between 30 days and three years. Kaplan-Meier survival curves show the all-cause death rate in PCI patients stratified by HF with high BNP levels (>100 pg/ml) and 30-day bleeding. P-values were calculated using the log-rank test. HF, heart failure; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.