Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A short review of diagnosis and management

Around 64 million persons in the world have heart failure (HF). HF patients with left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≥50% are classified as having HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). It is estimated that about fifty percent of all HF is HFpEF. Our aim was to provide evidence of contemporary data regarding diagnosis and management of HFpEF. We conducted literature search through online search such as Google Scholar and PubMed Central (PMC), focusing on diagnosis and management of HFpEF. Several criteria exist for the diagnosis of HFpEF, including EF 50%, evidence of diastolic dysfunction, elevated brain natriuretic peptide. High (≥15) or intermediate (9–14) E/eʹ index indicates the likelihood of HFpEF. SGLT2I decrease E/eʹ, indicating improvement of LV diastolic function as mentioned in several studies. Treatment duration to achieve this effect spans from 3 months to 1 year. SGLT2I have positive effect on echocardiographic parameter HFpEF patients. In the researches included in the review, E/eʹ was mainly used as primary end point.