Key result
Male gender was associated with a significantly higher likelihood of having low knowledge about heart attack symptoms and risk factors compared to female gender (RR 1.84).
Why the study?
Cardiovascular disease is prevalent worldwide, and the study aimed to evaluate knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors in the Riyadh, Saudi Arabia population.
Cross-Sectional (n=385)
Relative Risk: 1.84 (95% CI 1.24–2.72)
Absolute Event Rate: 64.8% vs 50%
p-value: p=0.002
There is a significant lack of awareness regarding heart attack warning signs in the general population of Riyadh, particularly among males, highlighting the need for targeted public health campaigns.
Low awareness of heart attack symptoms in Riyadh supports targeted education; leaves open whether campaigns improve recognition or reduce delays.
Background: Cardiovascular disease is prevalent worldwide. The goal of this research is to evaluate the knowledge of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, population about heart attack symptoms and risk factors. Methodology: A one-year cross-sectional study was carried out. The study was conducted on 385 individuals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We used the Acute Coronary Syndrome Response Index, with additional questions added, such as risk factors of heart attack and physical activity time. An anonymous self-administered online questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results: We collected data from 440 participants, but only 385 were included in the analysis. Males represented 41.4% of the participants. In terms of participant knowledge of heart attack symptoms, we found that chest pain or pressure was the most common (80.5%), followed by shortness of breath (77%) and weakness and fatigue (72.0%). In addition, 90.2% and 90.7% of the participants knew that smoking and obesity were risk factors for heart attacks. Furthermore, 46% of participants said they “would not be at all certain” of identifying the symptoms and indicators of a heart attack in another person and 45.7% “in themselves.” We found that males were more likely than females to have low knowledge (RR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.24:2.72, P = 0.002). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that there is a lack of awareness of the heart attack warning signs and symptoms. We propose that future local campaigns focus on increasing awareness and recognition of heart attack symptoms.
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Harbi et al. (2022) conducted a cross-sectional in Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors (n=385). Male gender vs. Female gender was evaluated on Low knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors (RR 1.84, 95% CI 1.24-2.72, p=0.002). Male gender was associated with a significantly higher likelihood of having low knowledge about heart attack symptoms and risk factors compared to female gender (RR 1.84).
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