Comparison of outcomes of coronary artery stenting in acute myocardial infarction due to massive coronary thrombosis

Introduction. Therapy of patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction and massive coronary thrombosis (TTG 3) is a far from solved problem of modern medicine, since often in such patients immediate stent implantation is associated with the development of myocardial hypoperfusion, reducing the long-term prognosis of life. Aim. To evaluate short-term and long-term efficacy and safety of delayed and immediate coronary artery stenting techniques in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction and massive coronary thrombosis. Material and methods. Comparative study in parallel groups, a total of 153 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction and massive coronary thrombosis (TTG 3), 75 patients in the delayed coronary artery stenting group, 78 patients in the immediate coronary artery stenting group. In the immediate coronary artery stenting group, percutaneous coronary intervention was performed in one stage with stent implantation, in the delayed coronary artery stenting group; percutaneous coronary intervention was performed in two stages: the first was achieving TIMI-3 blood flow using a minimally invasive mechanical strategy, the second was control coronary angiography 5-6 days and the decision on the implantation of the stent. The primary endpoint is: the rate of achieving optimal myocardial perfusion according to angiography, the secondary combined endpoint is the rate of major adverse cardiovascular events. Results. In the hospital period, optimal reperfusion (TIMI-3 and MBG 2-3) after the primary procedure was achieved in 88% in the delayed coronary artery stenting group and 69.2% of immediate coronary artery stenting with an advantage in the delayed coronary artery stenting group (p=0.005). Of the 75 patients in the delayed coronary artery stenting group, 38 patients (51%) did not receive a stent in the delayed period due to the insignificance of stenosis on the control coronary angiography. There was no significant difference in the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events between the groups. In the long-term period, the median follow-up period was 47 months. The frequency of major adverse cardiovascular events was 13.3% in the delayed coronary artery stenting group and 23.1% in the immediate coronary artery stenting group, with a trend towards the advantage in the delayed coronary artery stenting group (p=0.1). Overall mortality (9.3% vs. 11.7%), recurrent myocardial infarction (2.6% vs. 5.1%), target vessel revascularization rate (1.3% vs. 6.4%) were without significant benefit. between subgroups. Conclusion. In patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction and massive coronary thrombosis, the use of delayed coronary artery stenting gives an advantage in achieving myocardial perfusion after the procedure, and demonstrates a tendency to reduce adverse cardiovascular events in the long-term period.