What does this research mean for the field?

Clustering and optimization-based routing frameworks provide the maximum improvement in network lifetime and data delivery for Wireless Sensor Networks in precision agriculture, whereas machine learning and hybrid approaches offer superior scalability and adaptability. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.SYNTHESIS. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To systematically review and categorize energy-efficient routing protocols for wireless sensor networks in precision agriculture across key quality-of-service performance metrics.

August 31, 2026Discover NetworksOpen Access

Energy efficient routing protocols in WSN for precision and smart agriculture

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Authors

TPTumpa Pal SSSohail Saif RSRamesh Saha

Discussion

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Overview

Systematic review reveals clustering and optimization protocols maximize lifetime in agricultural wireless sensor networks, highlighting trade-offs with computational overhead.

Key Points

To systematically review and categorize energy-efficient routing protocols for wireless sensor networks in precision agriculture across key quality-of-service performance metrics.
Conducted a PRISMA-compliant systematic review identifying 250 initial studies published between 2016 and 2025 across major electronic databases.
Screened and evaluated 43 high-quality articles meeting formal inclusion criteria, classifying frameworks into six distinct routing paradigms.
Clustering- and optimization-based frameworks provided the greatest qualitative improvements in network lifetime and packet delivery ratio.
Machine learning-based and hybrid protocols demonstrated superior scalability, intelligent routing, and adaptability under dynamic agricultural conditions.
Security-aware frameworks improved transmission reliability against malicious attacks but increased computational overhead.

Cite This Study

Pal et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a956cd5f20e493292a74ee4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s44354-026-00045-y

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August 31, 2026Discover NetworksOpen Access

Energy efficient routing protocols in WSN for precision and smart agriculture

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark

Authors

TPTumpa Pal SSSohail Saif RSRamesh Saha

Discussion

Member takes

Overview

Systematic review reveals clustering and optimization protocols maximize lifetime in agricultural wireless sensor networks, highlighting trade-offs with computational overhead.

Key Points

To systematically review and categorize energy-efficient routing protocols for wireless sensor networks in precision agriculture across key quality-of-service performance metrics.
Conducted a PRISMA-compliant systematic review identifying 250 initial studies published between 2016 and 2025 across major electronic databases.
Screened and evaluated 43 high-quality articles meeting formal inclusion criteria, classifying frameworks into six distinct routing paradigms.
Clustering- and optimization-based frameworks provided the greatest qualitative improvements in network lifetime and packet delivery ratio.
Machine learning-based and hybrid protocols demonstrated superior scalability, intelligent routing, and adaptability under dynamic agricultural conditions.
Security-aware frameworks improved transmission reliability against malicious attacks but increased computational overhead.

Cite This Study

Pal et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a956cd5f20e493292a74ee4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s44354-026-00045-y

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