Impact on long-term mortality of access and non-access site bleeding after primary percutaneous coronary intervention

OBJECTIVES: The influence of the bleeding site on long-term survival after the primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is poorly understood. This study sought to investigate the relationship between in-hospital access site versus non-access site bleeding and very late mortality in unselected patients treated with primary PCI. METHODS: Data of the 2715 consecutive patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary PCI, enrolled in a prospective registry of a high volume tertiary centre, were analysed. Bleeding events were assessed according to the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) criteria. The primary outcome was 4-year mortality. RESULTS: The BARC type ≥2 bleeding occurred in 171 patients (6.3%). Access site bleeding occurred in 3.8%, and non-access site bleeding in 2.5% of patients. Four-year mortality was significantly higher for patients with bleeding (BARC type ≥2) than in patients without bleeding (BARC type 0+1), (36.3% vs 16.2%, p<0.001). Patients with non-access site bleeding had higher 4 year mortality (50.7% vs 26.5%, p=0.001). After multivariable adjustment, BARC type ≥2 bleeding was the independent predictor of 4 year mortality (HR 2.01; 95% CI 1.49 to 2.71, p<0.001). Patients with a non-access site bleeding were at 2-fold higher risk of very late mortality than patients with an access site bleeding (HR 2.62; 1.78 to 3.86, p<0.001 vs HR 1.57; 1.03 to 2.38, p=0.034). CONCLUSIONS: Both access and non-access site BARC type ≥2 bleeding is independently associated with a high risk of 4-year mortality after primary PCI. Patients with non-access site bleeding were at higher risk of late mortality than patients with access site bleeding.