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Visible quantum cutting (visible two-photon luminescence) through downconversion is observed for the Gd3+–Eu3+ couple in Eu3+-doped KGd3F10 (KG3F) and KGd2F7 (KG2F). The dependence of the efficiency of cross-relaxation required for visible quantum cutting on the Eu3+-doping concentration and crystal structure is discussed in terms of the probability of energy transfer as a function of the rare-earth interatomic distance. Eu3+-doped KG3F exhibits a higher efficiency in the cross-relaxation step than Eu3+-doped KG2F. The highest efficiency of the cross-relaxation step, 0.65, is obtained for the KG3F crystal doped with 2 at. % Eu3+. It is also suggested from dependence of the lifetime of 5D0 emission of Eu3+ in KG3F on Eu3+ concentration that interactions between rare-earth ions are strong at greater than 2 at. % Eu3+.
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Kodama et al. (2004) studied this question.
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