Adenomyosis and venous thromboembolism: High-risk factors and clinical management strategies

Adenomyosis (AM), a common benign gynecological disorder in reproductive-aged women, is characterized by menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, and infertility. Epidemiological studies indicate that approximately 12.2% of AM patients exhibit an elevated risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Although the precise pathophysiological interplay between AM and VTE remains unelucidated, current evidence implicates hyperestrogenism, abnormal uterine bleeding, anemia, uterine enlargement, and elevated tumor marker carbohydrate antigen 125 levels (Ca-125) as potential contributors to VTE development. This article systematically reviews the latest research advances in recent years, synthesizes key risk factors, and analyzes current therapeutic strategies, with the aim of improving patients’ quality of life, reducing the incidence of VTE, and providing evidence-based guidance for clinical practice.