An experimental method using a computerized torsion machine to study the mechanics of entire diaphyseal bones is described. Besides controlling continuous torsion to ultimate fracture of the bone, the computer is able to use non-linearity of the torque-twist curve as a criterion for reversal of the direction of torsion and to control repeated loadings and unloadings with a graduated increase of deformation until final fracture. It permits determination of a small residual deformation, and several other parameters characterizing the load-deformation curve. The linearity of the equipment is shown to be good and precision is high, with a method error of 2.3% when determining stiffness. Repeated loadings and unloadings of entire dog femora revealed a minor residual deformation before ultimate fracture.
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Jönsson et al. (1985) studied this question.