A polarization-independent waveguide circulator design is proposed which is well suited for monolithic integration. The circulator consists of multimode interferometers, half-wave plates, and Faraday rotators all in waveguide form. The length of the circulator is 712 mum. Simulations show the circulator to have 25 dB of isolation and 1.3 dB of insertion loss at a wavelength of 1.55 mum
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Zaman et al. (2006) studied this question.
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