The impact of NAFLD on diabetic complications in patients with T2DM

Background: This study investigates the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes, focusing on the associated macrovascular and microvascular complications. The aim is to assess the impact of the temporal sequence of these conditions on patient outcomes. Methods: An observational study was conducted over three months (October 2023 to December 2023) at Katihar Medical College, enrolling 91 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD. Participants were grouped based on the duration of NAFLD and type 2 diabetes, and a range of clinical, laboratory, and diagnostic assessments were conducted to evaluate macrovascular and microvascular complications. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the groups. Results: The study found that Group C had significantly higher BMI, WHR, triglycerides, ALT, AST, γ-GT, and uric acid levels compared to Groups A and B. The prevalence of CAD and hypertension was significantly higher in Group C. Group B had a longer NAFLD duration and higher ALT and AST levels than Group A. These findings suggest a strong association between metabolic dysfunction, NAFLD, and diabetic complications. Conclusion: The study concludes that the temporal sequence of NAFLD and type 2 diabetes significantly influences the prevalence of macrovascular complications, particularly coronary artery disease and hypertension, in affected patients.