Association between D-dimer levels and long-term mortality in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

OBJECTIVE: D-dimer is a marker for hypercoagulability and thrombotic events. The authors sought to investigate whether D-dimer levels predicted long-term mortality in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). METHODS: This was a retrospective study of patients with aSAH in West China Hospital, Sichuan University, between December 2013 and June 2019. D-dimer levels were measured within 24 hours after admission and were grouped by quartiles. The primary outcome was long-term mortality. Patient deaths were determined through the Household Registration Administration System in China, with a median of 4.4 years of follow-up. RESULTS: This study included 2056 patients. Compared with patients with the lowest quartile (0.00-0.97 mg/L) of D-dimer levels, the odds of long-term mortality were significantly higher in all other patients, including those with D-dimer levels between 0.97 mg/L and 1.94 mg/L (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.85, 95% CI 1.32-2.60), those with D-dimer levels between 1.94 mg/L and 4.18 mg/L (aHR 1.94, 95% CI 1.40-2.70), and those patients with the highest quartile (> 4.18 mg/L) of D-dimer levels (aHR 2.35, 95% CI 1.70-3.24; p < 0.001). Similar results were observed for the endpoints of 1-year mortality and long-term mortality in 1-year survivors. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated D-dimer levels at admission were associated with short-term and long-term mortality. This biomarker could be considered in future risk nomograms for long-term outcomes and might support future management decisions.