Tetraphenyltetraethynylethene and the π-acceptors 2,4,7-trinitrofluoren-9-one and (2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluoroenylidene)malononitrile from highly ordered donor–acceptor π-complexes having 1 : 2 stoichiometry in the solid state; in solution, relatively weak 1 : 1 complexes are formed whose stabilities are related to the spatial disposition of the donor phenyl rings.
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Diederich et al. (1994) studied this question.
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