In-Vitro Bioactive Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Halodule uninervis Plant Extract for Multifunctional Drug Delivery

The synthesis of AgNPs (silver nanoparticles) was performed using the aqueous extract of seagrass Halodule uninervis (HU) along with silver nitrate. The synthetic production of HU-AgNPs was confirmed by a color change and analyzed with a UV–vis spectrophotometer at 450 nm. The existence of functional groups was verified using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The HU-AgNPs’ spherical shape was validated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests. The crystal structure of HU-AgNPs was established by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The roughness and surface morphology were confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Significant antibacterial action was demonstrated by the HU-AgNPs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, two Gram-negative pathogens. The antioxidant showed the highest inhibition of ABTs (2,2′-azino-bis­(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) when compared to hydroxyl scavenging, 2,2′-diphenyl-2-picrylhydroxyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide tests. By inhibiting α-amylase along with α-glycosidase, the HU-AgNPs’ antidiabetic effectiveness was evaluated. Therefore, to validate the findings and create an antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic drug, a molecule-level in vivo study is required. Such synthesized nanoparticles have potential applications in multifunctional drug delivery applications.