Morbilliviruses induce immune suppression in vitro by inhibiting leukocyte proliferation, a process requiring the coexpression of both fusion and hemagglutinin proteins.
Cautions against clinical extrapolation from in vitro data; leaves open whether F/H coexpression drives morbillivirus immunosuppression in vivo.
Immune suppression associated with morbillivirus infections may influence the mortality rate by allowing secondary bacterial infections that are lethal to the host to flourish. Using an in vitro proliferation assay, we have shown that all members of the genus Morbillivirus inhibit the proliferation of a human B-lymphoblast cell line (BJAB). Proliferation of freshly isolated, stimulated bovine and caprine peripheral blood lymphocytes is also inhibited by UV-inactivated rinderpest (RPV) and peste-des-petits ruminants viruses. As for measles virus, coexpression of both the fusion and the hemagglutinin proteins of RPV is necessary and sufficient to induce immune suppression in vitro.
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Heaney et al. (2002) studied this question.
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