Human contamination by potentially toxic elements and associated health outcomes following metal implant installation: A scoping review

This scoping review aimed to map and assess the available evidence on human exposure to potentially toxic elements released from metallic dental and orthopedic implants, describing their levels in biological samples and the potential impacts on human health. Searches were performed in PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus. Seven prospective studies were included and analyzed by two reviewers. The following elements were detected in the volunteers: titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), molybdenum, and aluminum. Three studies reported a significant increase in Ti, Cr, and Co concentrations after implant placement. Despite PTE contamination being detected, no systemic effects were observed. In conclusion, individuals with metal implants are contaminated by PTEs; however, evidence of clinical impact remains insufficient due to methodological limitations. Larger longitudinal cohorts, tissue-based assessments, and standardized analytical methods are required to understand the clinical implications of chronic exposure to PTEs in implanted patients.