Assessing genetic variability and heritability in the F4 population of mutant Bioguma and Gando Keta local Indonesian sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

This study examined the genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance inthe F4 generation ofsorghum toenhance grain productivity. The study was conducted atCitayam Research Station, Depok Indonesia (March–September 2023), and evaluated 102 progenies ofthe F4population from aBioguma (amutant line) Gando Keta (alocal variety) cross using anAugmented block design with four replications. The results ofthis experiment indicated that the F4generation outperformed the Gando Keta grain yield components, but remained inferior toBioguma. The yield traits were influenced bythe non-additive gene action, with genetic factors playing asignificant role ingrain weight variation. The top 20% ofF4progenies exhibited improved yield characteristics, including thicker stems, larger panicles, and increased grain weight.