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Additive and impurity distributions at grain boundaries in sintered Al 2 O 3 were determined using a scanning Auger microprobe, transmission electron microscopy, metallography, and electron probe analysis. The results indicated that Ca was present uniformly at the boundaries as a segregant, whereas the Mg or Ni levels observed resulted from nonequilibrium spinel particles. The Ca concentrations were consistent with equilibrium segregation theory and followed an equilibrium segregation isotherm.
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Johnson et al. (1975) studied this question.
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