Key result
Serum levels of MMP-9 were significantly higher in young STEMI patients compared to healthy controls (469.63 vs 188.88 pg/mL; P<0.0001) and higher levels predicted major adverse cardiac events.
Why the study?
Little evidence exists regarding the role of MMPs and their genetic polymorphisms in young (<50 years) STEMI patients.
Are serum levels and genetic polymorphisms of MMP-3, MMP-9, and TIMP associated with STEMI susceptibility and 1-year MACE in young patients?
Case-Control (n=200)
Are serum levels and genetic polymorphisms of MMP-3, MMP-9, and TIMP associated with STEMI susceptibility and 1-year MACE in young patients?
Absolute Event Rate: 469.63% vs 188.88%
p-value: p=<0.0001
Elevated serum levels of MMP-3, MMP-9, and TIMP, along with specific genetic polymorphisms, are associated with increased susceptibility to STEMI in young adults, and higher MMP-9 levels predict 1-year MACE.
Elevated MMP-9 may identify higher-risk young STEMI patients; leaves open prospective validation before clinical adoption.
BACKGROUND: Genetic polymorphism in MMPs are associated with multiple adverse CV events. There is little evidence regarding role of MMPs and their genetic polymorphisms in young (<50 years) ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. METHODS: This study included 100 young (18-50 years) STEMI patients and 100 healthy controls. Serum levels of MMP-3, MMP-9 and TIMP were estimated for both patients as well as controls. Additionally, genetic polymorphisms in the MMP-9 gene (-1562 C/T and R279Q) & MMP-3 gene (5A/6A-1612) was evaluated. All these patients were followed up for one year and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were determined. RESULTS: Serum levels of MMP-3 (128.16 ± 115.81 vs 102.3 ± 57.28 ng/mL; P = 0.04), MMP-9 (469.63 ± 238.4 vs 188.88 ± 94.08 pg/mL; P < 0.0001) and TIMP (5.84 ± 1.93 vs 2.28 ± 1.42 ng/mL; P < 0.0001) were significantly higher in patients as compared to controls. Additionally, patients with genetic polymorphisms in the MMP genes (5A/5A, 6A/6A and the AG genotypes) had an increased risk of STEMI. Patients with MACE had significantly higher levels of MMP-9 (581.73 ± 260.93 vs 438.01 ± 223.38 pg/mL; P = 0.012). A cutoff value of 375.5 pg/mL of MMP-9 was best able to discriminate patients with STEMI and MACE with sensitivity of 77.3% and specificity of 57%. CONCLUSION: Novel biomarkers such as MMP-3, MMP-9 and TIMP and their genetic polymorphism are associated with the susceptibility for STEMI in young individuals. Higher MMP-9 levels in STEMI patients with MACE suggests its potential role in predicting cardiac remodeling and left ventricular dysfunction.
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Basia et al. (2022) conducted a case-control in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (n=200). MMP-3, MMP-9, and TIMP serum levels and genetic polymorphisms vs. Healthy controls was evaluated on Serum levels of MMP-9 (pg/mL) (p=<0.0001). Serum levels of MMP-9 were significantly higher in young STEMI patients compared to healthy controls (469.63 vs 188.88 pg/mL; P<0.0001) and higher levels predicted major adverse cardiac events.
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