Water utilities routinely measure turbidity as an indicator of raw water quality and of the need for treatment. Carbonate precipitate (whiting) represents a significant, and at times dominant, component of turbidity in many hard‐water lakes and reservoirs. The chemistry, driving forces for occurrence, ubiquity, and important features of whiting are presented in this article. It is recommended that utilities that use hard‐water lakes or reservoirs as sources of supply keep apprised of this component of turbidity.
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Steven W. Effler (1987) studied this question.
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