Key result
An in vivo ultrasound method applying cyclic averaging estimated maximum shear stresses in mechanical heart valve leakage jets, which were smaller than those reported from previous in vitro simulations.
This study introduces a novel in vivo ultrasound method for measuring turbulence in mechanical heart valve leakage, demonstrating that in vivo stresses may be lower than previously estimated from in vitro models.
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Suggests in vivo leakage stresses may be lower than in vitro estimates; leaves open clinical translation and hemolysis risk revision.
This work introduces a method for the in vivo measurement and analysis of turbulence within the leakage of a mechanical heart valve. Several analysis techniques were applied to ultrasound measurements acquired within the atrium of a pig, and error associated with these techniques was analyzed. The technique chosen applies cyclic averaging to mean and maximum velocity measurements within small, normalized phase windows to calculate Reynolds normal stresses in the direction of the ultrasound beam. Maximum shear stresses are estimated from these normal stresses using an analytical technique. The stresses observed were smaller than those reported from previous in vitro simulations.
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Travis et al. (2004) studied Mechanical heart valve leakage. In vivo ultrasound measurement and analysis of turbulence vs. Previous in vitro simulations was evaluated on Reynolds normal stresses and maximum shear stresses. An in vivo ultrasound method applying cyclic averaging estimated maximum shear stresses in mechanical heart valve leakage jets, which were smaller than those reported from previous in vitro simulations.
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