Hemorrhoids: A Comprehensive Review of Etiology, Pathophysiology, Risk Factor and Treatment Option

One of the most prevalent anorectal illnesses is hemorrhoids. And it has placed a formidable medical and social burden on millions worldwide. The correct etiology of hemorrhoids is still unclear, but it’s related to various factors such as irregularity, constipation, obesity, pregnancy, and idle lifestyle adaptation. The pathophysiology of hemorrhoids consists of inappropriate dilatation and distortion with destructive changes in vascular channels that support the connective tissue of the anal cushion. The classification can be done on the basis of region and level of usual prolapse occurrence; there are internal, external, and mixed types. The risk factors for hemorrhoids include obesity, constipation, pregnancy, and a lazy lifestyle. The symptoms vary from rectal bleeding and pain to itching, swelling, and discomfort. Regarding treatment, it is possible to refer to both non-surgical and operative care, including topical and oral medications, lifestyle modifications, and herbal remedies. A complete treatment approach should deal with a combination of natural therapeutic options for the sake of allopathic drug therapies that enhance the chance of life with hemorrhoids.