Challenges and Scope in the Adoption of Emerging Technologies in Agriculture: A Systematic Review

The adoption of emerging information and communication technologies (ICTs) in agriculture can significantly boost productivity and crop sustainability, yet integration remains challenging due to multiple influencing factors. Existing literature is fragmented, with studies examining specific technologies, contexts, or factors in isolation, limiting a comprehensive understanding of adoption drivers, barriers, and impacts. This chapter presents a systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines, addressing four research questions: (1) which variables are most relevant for adopting emerging agricultural technologies; (2) what are the main obstacles and challenges; (3) what are the main advantages and prospects; and (4) to what extent has information technology been applied, which tools have been used, and on what type of farm. A taxonomy is proposed to structure the analysis and classify the reviewed literature according to each research question. Results show that adoption is influenced by prior knowledge, educational level, access to credit, and government support. Key obstacles include high acquisition costs, limited knowledge, inadequate infrastructure, institutional restrictions, and youth migration from rural areas. Benefits identified include greater productive efficiency, predictive analytics for decision-making, and the generation of new projects. The most widely used technologies are crop yield mapping, precision irrigation systems, soil and environmental sensors, and precision seeding. The review suggests future research should account for external factors such as market trends, political changes, and global events. Notably, most technological advances and institutional support remain concentrated in developed countries. Overall, this review offers an integrative overview of the key characteristics, advantages, and limitations of emerging technology adoption in agriculture.